Decisions and policies in both the public and private spheres were based on the ideological assumptions that (1) the sole foundation of social order was personal responsibility, (2) the most effective source of economic growth was unregulated self-interest, and (3) the basis of personal motivation was competition and observable inequalities of income and wealth (Bourdieu, 1998; Harvey, 2005). Additionally, there were some opportunistic hustlers who received media attention hyping their highly specialized sport academies; and there were others who founded volleyball, tennis, soccer, and other competitive-tournament-based programs that focused the attention of parents and young athletes on championships at the community, district, state, regional, and even national levels.
